Optimal power management of parking-lot electric vehicle charging.

摘要

Electric vehicles (EV) play an important role in the future of urban transportation systems. Major issues that restrain the EV's adoption and ramification include lack of charging infrastructure, incompatible power transmission and distribution systems, high cost of battery, among others. Charging EV at parking lots of commercial buildings implies reducing onboard battery capacity from round trip to one-way vehicle propulsion. However, compared to residential EV charging at nighttime, parking lot charging is challenged by highly dynamic electricity price and a number of stochastic factors. This dissertation studies several scheduling/optimization related problems for EVs in the parking lot.;One of the major problems for scheduling the charging of EVs in parking lots is the stochastic nature of their arrivals and departures, as well as the charging demands. The scheduling strategy must account for those stochastic factors. In this study, a two-stage approximate dynamic programming (TSADP) strategy is proposed, which uses both precise short-term-ahead vehicle arrival information and long-term statistical information in order to create a sophisticated charging strategy.;In spite of the success of centralized scheme for scheduling of the EV charging problem, the formidable computational load can grow dramatically high as the number of vehicles involves increases. In the second part of the dissertation study, a game theoretic framework is proposed as a decentralized scheduling strategy. For the parking lot EV charging problem, a particular challenge for formulating the associated game theory problem is that the transformer capacity limit results in coupled constraints for the associated optimization problem. To solve such a problem, a Rosen-Nash equilibrium theory is applied to formulate the game accordingly, and theoretical work is conducted to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point.;EV's presence in the parking lots of commercial buildings not only bring forth "additional load" for building operation, but also opportunity of additional energy source when the associated economy can justify. Under electricity price spikes, the vehicle-to-building (V2B) operation can help the building operator to avoid the huge energy cost using the EV battery. Based on risk management theory, a regime-switching energy-management strategy is proposed for buildings with parking-lot EV charging.