The How and Why of Urban Preservation: Protecting Historic Neighborhoods in China.

摘要

China's urban landscape has changed rapidly since political and economic reforms were first adopted at the end of the 1970s. Redevelopment of historic city centers that characterized this change has been rampant and resulted in the loss of significant historic resources. Despite these losses, substantial historic neighborhoods survive and even thrive with some degree of integrity. This dissertation identifies the multiple social, political, and economic factors that contribute to the protection and preservation of these neighborhoods by examining neighborhoods in the cities of Beijing and Pingyao as case studies. One focus of the study is capturing the perspective of residential communities on the value of their neighborhoods and their capacity and willingness to become involved in preservation decision-making. The findings indicate the presence of a complex interplay of public and private interests overlaid by changing policy and economic limitations that are creating new opportunities for public involvement. Although the Pingyao case study represents a largely intact historic city that is also a World Heritage Site, the local focus on tourism has disenfranchised residents in order to focus on the perceived needs of tourists. In contrast, the dynamic neighborhood studied in Beijing maintains a core of historic fabric and protected heritage sites amidst a dynamic matrix of localized development, often sympathetic to the character of the neighborhood and more responsive to local needs. Both cases and the available literature underscore the need for implementing an integrated planning process that engages the community and responds practically to political and economic realities.