TOWARDS A 'THIRD' AND 'IMPERFECT' CINEMA: A THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL STUDY OF FILMMAKING IN LATIN AMERICA

摘要

The New Latin American Cinema has undergone different formulations, political reversals, economic upheavals, and reformulations since its first "boom" in the 1960's, but it has been most consistently articulated as a Latin American phenomenon which has organized, influenced, and directed the efforts of individual Latin American nations to produce national cinemas. Although the exigencies of particular nations have determined the shapes of specific films and the goals of individual filmmakers, the New Latin American Cinema is, first and foremost, a joint Latin American project of cultural liberation.;The New Latin American Cinema is predicated on the understanding and consciousness of the cultural ramifications of underdevelopment and dependency in the context of specific social changes. Furthermore, the specificity of the New Latin American Cinema within mainstream films studies challenges the categories and strategies through which the cinema is traditionally studied. Standard categories such as "nations" and "auteurs," for example, disintegrate when confronted with the often collective and transnational nature of the New Latin American Cinema.;A historical analysis of the development of the New Latin American Cinema in the national cinemas of Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba in the late 1950's clarifies the confluence of the movement in Latin American festivals, conferences, agreements, and productions in the mid- to late 1960's. This historico-practical confluence also had important ramifications for the production of textual and contextual meaning(s) in the New Latin American Cinema. It is most clearly visible as the imbrication of the fictional and documentary modes of production throughout the continent.;The inevitable dispersion and redefinition of the Pan-Latin American spirit of the movement must then also be seen as the result of the socio-political, economic, industrial, and institutional pressures of the late 1970's throughout Latin America.