Time philosophy in Derzhavin's poetics (Russian text, Gavriil Derzhavin).

摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the various aspects time acquires in Derzhavin's poetics. The theme of time as his constant poetic concern is closely connected with his subjective consciousness of time. In Derzhavin's poetical development, this consciousness is brought more and more into the thematic center of his poetry, until the other motifs--the poet's relationship with other people, his memories, and his own life experience--become varying aspects of his central poetic obsession with the element of time. In Derzhavin's works, time functions as a predominant mode.; Chapter one is an attempt to define the aspects of time shown in the themes of death and life (development of the notion of Memento mori, and Carpe diem, respectively). Through the hypostatization of time, Derzhavin understands the positive aspects of time as well as its destructive properties. He synthesizes both aspects in the theme of life.; Chapter two discusses the problem of immortality in linear time, examined in terms of art, virtue and God. Art and virtue appear as eternity in time, while God exists as eternity beyond time.; Chapter three considers Derzhavin's understanding of the constructive properties of time in its cyclical movement. His wish for immortality is extended to the problem of the reincarnation of existence in time as a cyclical movement. Reincarnation in cyclical time is based on Derzhavin's hope for the eternal present.; Chapter four deals with Derzhavin's emphasis on the specific moment. Derzhavin captures the elusive moment and celebrates it through the imagery of light, color, and movement.; In conclusion, Derzhavin's time philosophy leads to the development of the Russian poets' time consciousness. In particular, we show the presence of Derzhavinian time imagery in the works of Pushkin, Tyutchev, Fet, and Mandelshtam.