An FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulator for the Analysis of Electromagnetic Transients in Electrical Power Systems.

摘要

A physical control/protection platform needs to be tested and its functionality verified prior to installation and commissioning. Closed-loop testing of a physical control/protection platform, in a real-time simulator environment is practically the only option to safely and thoroughly verify the design integrity and evaluate its functionality and performance. Moreover, a real-time simulator is also required to conduct statistical switching studies, as it substantially reduces the total run time of the study.;This thesis proposes and develops a generalized methodology for implementation of the power system equations in the FPGA environment. The developed methodology enables real-time operation, for closed-loop testing of physical control/protection platforms in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) configuration, and even faster-than-real-time operation, for statistical switching studies. Based on the developed methodology, an FPGA-based simulator is developed and tested. The salient features of the proposed implementation are:;• It enables the use of a nanosecond range simulation time-step to simulate large systems in real-time, in contrast to the µs range time-steps used in the existing simulators. Thus it is also able to provide a wide frequency bandwidth for the simulation results.;• It retains the calculation time, within each simulation time-step, nearly fixed irrespective of the size of the system.;• It eliminates the need for the corrective measures, adopted in the existing real-time simulators, to reduce error due to the lack of synchronization between the simulation time-grid and the output signals of the control/protection platform under test.;As an integral part of this work, this thesis proposes and develops the modified two-layer network equivalent (M-TLNE). The salient feature of the M-TLNE is its computational efficiency, as compared to the existing network equivalents, which makes it a prime choice for statistical switching studies and real-time simulation of electromagnetic transients. This thesis also proposes a generalized methodology, applicable to both single and multi-port network equivalents for both single- and multi-phase systems, for developing the proposed M-TLNE. The developed methodology ensures the stability and passivity of the M-TLNE.