The competitiveness of United States wheat, non-price promotion and economic impacts of United States wheat exports.

摘要

cope and method of study. The purposes of this study are: (1) to determine the effectiveness of the U.S. non-price wheat export programs and evaluate the wheat import behavior in the selected importing countries; (2) to estimate the Egyptian import demand for wheat/wheat flour/other food grains; and (3) to evaluate the economic impacts of wheat exports and processing poultry exports on Oklahoma's economy. The LA/AIDS model, incorporated with the U.S. non-price wheat export promotion expenditure variable, was used to determine the effectiveness of the U.S. wheat export programs. USDA and the U.S. Wheat Associates (USW) provided the data of wheat imports in Japan, Korea, Algeria, Egypt and Morocco (1971-95) and data of the U.S. wheat export promotion expenditures (1971-95). A restricted Source Differentiated AIDS (SDAIDS) model was used to estimated the Egyptian import demand for wheat/wheat flour/other food grains. A hybrid IMPLAN model was used to estimate the economic impacts of wheat exports and processing poultry exports on Oklahoma's economy.;Findings and conclusions. Most of the own-price elasticities were statistically significant except those in the Japanese wheat import market. Some of the cross-price effects were statistically significant. Most of them were complementary relationships, even though some patterns of competitive relationships existed. This means that wheat suppliers complemented each other, while the U.S. and the E.C. competed each other in the North African wheat import markets. Expenditure elasticities show that the U.S. wheat was in the worst trade position, which might be explained by the many complaints toward the quality of U.S. wheat by Korean millers. The E.C. Wheat was generally in a better trade position in terms of the potential for market growth than other suppliers in the North African markets. The U.S. wheat export promotion increased the U.S. market share in the Korean market. The U.S. wheat export promotion increased U.S. market share and decreased some of the competitors' market shares in the Japanese market. The promotion received returns ranging from