Starch is a renewable biomaterial with increasing uses in food, fuel, chemicals, plastics, textiles, paper, and building materials. The principal source of starch is the cereal grains, especially corn. Grain sorghum is consumed almost exclusively in animal feed in the USA, but in the future it is likely to be used to produce starch and other value-added products.; A small-scale (100g of grain) procedure, developed to suit a breeding program, was devised to wet-mill grain sorghum into six fractions. The wet-milling process was replicated five times on commercial grain sorghum, and the mean yield (69.4%) of starch (≤0.3% protein) varied by 0.3%, whereas the yields of fiber, gluten, and germ plus bran fractions varied by 5–6%. The starch fraction accounted for ∼95% of that in the grain, while the total solids recovered was 99.0%. Four other samples of grain sorghum gave 92–95% recoveries of starches and 98.2–99.8% total solids recovery. All grain sorghum starches had lightness (L*) values and pasting curves nearly equal to those of a commercial corn starch.; To encourage wet-milling of current hybrids of grain sorghum, an abbreviated wet-milling process was developed that gave two products; starch, obtained in over 78% recovery, and an animal feed, which comprised the remaining solids. In a model study steep time (1–3h), steep temperature (25–60°C), and coarse-grinding speed (tip speed of blade 90.4–150.7 Km/h) were varied, and starch recovery, starch lightness (L*), and damaged starch were measured. In the surface-response study, recovery of starch ranged from 57 to 89%, starch protein content from 0.4 to 0.5%, and lightness (L*) from 90 to 93. Damaged starch content was constant at around 0.4%. Commercial grain sorghum gave the highest starch recovery (90%) after steeping 2h at 55°C and a coarse-grinding of speed 124.6 Km/h, whereas a food-grade, a white and a red sorghum gave 85, 84, and 80% recoveries, respectively. The four starches had lightness (L*) 93–94 and damaged starch 0.4–0.6%. When the commercial grain sorghum was wet-ground at 124.6 Km/h without steeping in 2 parts of water containing 0.2% sulfur dioxide, a 78% recovery of starch was obtained with L* 93.7 and starch damage 0.5%.
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机译：淀粉是一种可再生的生物材料，在食品，燃料，化学制品，塑料，纺织品，纸张和建筑材料中的用途不断增加。淀粉的主要来源是谷物，尤其是玉米。在美国，谷物高粱几乎全部用于动物饲料，但将来可能会用于生产淀粉和其他增值产品。为了适应育种程序而开发的小规模（100克谷物）程序被设计为将谷物高粱湿磨成六个部分。在商业谷物高粱上重复进行湿磨工艺五次，淀粉（≤0.3％蛋白质）的平均产量（69.4％）变化0.3％，而纤维，面筋，胚芽和麸皮级分的产量变化5–6％。淀粉含量约占谷物含量的95％，而回收的总固体含量为99.0％。其他四个谷物高粱样品的淀粉回收率为92–95％，固体总回收率为98.2–99.8％。所有谷物高粱淀粉的亮度（ L *）值和糊化曲线几乎与商品玉米淀粉的糊化曲线相同。为鼓励对当前的高粱杂种进行湿磨，开发了一种简化的湿磨工艺，该工艺可生产两种产品。回收率超过78％的淀粉和包含剩余固体的动物饲料。在模型研究中，陡峭时间（1-3h），陡峭温度（25-60°C）和粗磨速度（刀片的尖端速度为90.4-150.7 Km / h）有所不同，淀粉的回收率，淀粉的轻度（L） *），并测量受损的淀粉。在表面响应研究中，淀粉的回收率为57％到89％，淀粉蛋白含量为0.4到0.5％，亮度（L *）为90到93。受损的淀粉含量恒定在0.4％左右。在55°C浸泡2h和以124.6 Km / h的速度粗磨后，商品谷物高粱的淀粉回收率最高（90％），而食品级的白色和红色高粱的淀粉回收率分别为85、84和80回收率分别％。四种淀粉的清淡度（L *）为93-94，受损淀粉为0.4-0.6％。当将商品谷类高粱以124.6 Km / h的量进行湿磨而不浸入2份含有0.2％二氧化硫的水中时，淀粉的回收率为78％，L * 93.7，淀粉破坏率为0.5％。
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