X-ray diffraction systems as an advanced materials characterization tool for paleontological specimens, electroless deposited thin films, pozzolanic inorganic composites and electrocoagulation by-products.

摘要

Electroless deposited Ni-Re-P, Ni-Cr-P and Ni and Mo thin films were characterized by XRD. 2D diffraction frames demonstrated that ternary alloy thin films are amorphous and Ni films are nanocrystalline and Mo Elms are textured-crystalline.; Great White Shark teeth were characterized by XRD, XPS, FT-IR and DSC to gain evidence on the evolutionary structural changes in fluorapatite crystals. Results evidenced that there was no measurable evolutionary structural changes in the crystal lattice over millions of years.; Electrocoagulation by-products were characterized by XRD and FT-IR. Fe, Al and Fe-Al combined assembly electrodes used for removal of heavy metals. More than 99% removal of arsenic is achieved by iron-aluminum combined assembly.; XRD and FT-IR results established that presence of AsO3-4 will inhibit early hydration of cement and generate extremely insoluble Ca3(AsO4)2. Interactions of oxyanions and cement particles produced minor quantities of As5+-bearing compounds. Based on results it is concluded that Portland cement may be considered as a potential matrix to immobilize As5+-bearing wastes.