Assessment for Learning in a Chinese University Context: A Mixed Methods Case Study on English as a Foreign Language Speaking Ability.

摘要

This study investigates the effectiveness of Assessment for Learning (AFL) in improving oral English skills and explores students' and teachers' perceptions of AFL. The study took place at a university in China and involved both students and teachers of English at the institution. Chinese university level students were reported to be facing difficulties in their oral skills learning and were not satisfied with the oral English instruction they were receiving because it is related too much to large-scale tests administered in China (He, 1999; Liao & Qin, 2000; Wen, 2001). Classroom-based assessment, known as the alternative assessment approach, has attracted increased interest from researchers since the end of the last century (Genesee & Upshur, 1996; Gipps 1999; Shepard, 2000; Turner, in press). One approach to classroom-based assessment, Assessment for Learning (AFL), has proved a significant influence on language performance by encouraging learners' participation, identifying learners' weaknesses, providing instructors with useful feedback for learners' further development, and turning learners into autonomous learners (Black & Wiliam, 1998ab; Black, Harrison, Lee, Marshall, & Wiliam, 2003; Winne & Butler, 1994; Topping, 2009). In this study, a mixed methods design incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2009) is used to examine the effectiveness of AFL and to explore teachers' (n = 9) and students' (n = 74) perceptions of AFL. There are three phases in this study: the preparation phase, and Phases One and Two. In the preparation phase, second year students' and their teachers' classroom interactions were observed to aid in the selection of participants for this study. In Phase One, teacher questionnaires, pre- and post-study student questionnaires, and three AFL tasks were employed and data were collected and analyzed quantitatively by using descriptive statistical analysis to determine the effectiveness of AFL. In Phase Two, teachers and students were interviewed to express their opinions about AFL. The interviews were translated from Chinese to English, transcribed and then analyzed using content analysis. The results from the three phases were integrated to interpret the findings of the research. The results indicate that AFL can effectively improve the oral English language learning skills of intermediate and high level students. Additionally, results of the study demonstrate that both teachers and students showed positive attitudes towards AFL.