The effects of phosphated titanium and enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) were evaluated on osteoblast attachment and function. Primary rat osteoblasts were cultured on phosphated or non-phosphated titanium for 28 days; half the samples received EMD. Analysis was done using TGF-beta1 and IL-1beta ELISAs, scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Microscopic evaluation revealed osteoblasts increasing in number on all discs from day 2 to 28. Nodule formation occurred in all groups and when EMD was added numbers increased. Without EMD and mineralizing media, non-phosphated samples had 2-3 times more nodules; none showed evidence of mineralization. All nodules on the phosphated titanium had evidence of mineralization. ELISA analysis revealed no significant differences in IL-1beta production between any of the groups and the EMD groups produced significantly more TGF-beta1 for up to 8 days. Phosphated titanium increased TGF-beta1 and did not adversely affect early osteoblast attachment and function, but accelerated nodule mineralization.
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