Differentiation and integration in adult development: The influence of self complexity and integrative learning on self integration.

摘要

This study explores the relationship between self-integration, self-complexity, and integrative learning. Drawing from constructivist adult ego development theorists (Kegan, 1994; Loevinger, 1976; 1988; Lahey et al. 1988; Perry, 1999; Piaget, 1962; Rogers, 1951) the definition of self-integration emphasizes a person's transformation in epistemology and meaning making, underlying both psycho-social and cognitive maturation. Building on post-conventional constructivist adult ego development theory (Cook-Greuter, 1999; Johnson, 2000; Kegan, 1994; Lahey, 1986) this is one of the first empirical explorations of self-integration, operationally defined as two variables, capturing a conventional and a post-conventional component. Important work in this area has been theoretical.;Self-integration is operationalized as (1) self-ideal congruence , as measured by Higgins (1985; 1987) and as defined in intentional change theory (Boyatzis and Akrivou, 2006), and (2) self-integrating process, as captured by a newly developed direct response measure based on post-conventional constructivist theory. Self-complexity is operationally defined as the numbers of self-aspects that a person utilizes to represent his/her self internally (Linville, 1987). Integrative learning is measured as adaptive flexibility, the ability for systematic variability in a person's response to different environmental needs (Kolb, 1984).;Based on quantitative research methods, overall findings from data collected from 198 adults in management and professional roles confirmed the hypotheses that self complexity is positively related to both measures of integration (self-ideal congruence and self-integrating process), and integrative learning is positively related to the second measure of integration. Age, a control, is positively related to the second measure of integration. Findings support operationalization of self-integration as two distinct variables, being---to my knowledge---the first empirical testing of relevant postconventional ego development theory.;This study adds to theories on constructivist adult development (Cook-Greuter, 1999; Kegan, 1994; Lahey, 1986; Lahey et al. 1988; Loevinger, 1976; 1988; Perry, 1999; Piaget, 1962; Rogers, 1951, 1961), self-concept structure (Campbell et al., 2003; Higgins, 1987; Linville, 1985; 1987), experiential learning (Kolb, 1984) and intentional change (Boyatzis, 2006) theories. It adds to theory of leadership, professional and personal development. This study informs applications in organizational practice that aiming in integrating the individual and the organization (Argyris, 1964; Doherty et al., 2007) leadership development and executive coaching.;Keywords. Self-Integration, Self-Complexity, Differentiation-Integration, Self-Ideal Congruence, Self-Integrating Process, Adaptive Flexibility, Integrative Learning, Self-Concept Structure, Adult Development, Leadership Development, Experiential Learning Theory, Learning Style, Adaptive Style, Ideal Self, Intentional Change Theory.