Contribution a la realisation de composants optiques a base des fibres microstructurees air/silice.

摘要

In the optical telecommunications systems for the very great flows, the photonic crystals fibres (PCF), also called microstructured air - silica fibres (MASF), are regarded as a solution to several problems caused by chromatic dispersion, non-linearity and by polarization. In this research task, the study was devoted to the use of PCF in the design and the realization of the optical fibre components such as the Long Period Fiber Grating (LPFG).;The several experiments led us to the choice and the optimization of the parameter values for the electrical arc power and the exposure time. According to these results, the optimal approach is the use of several arcs with a low power. These results showed that the fibre sensitivity is due primarily to the stretching, because it acts directly on the fibre diameter. Moreover, the rejection peaks size is more important in comparison with that obtained without stretching.;Key words: Optical fibre components, Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCF), Microstructure air-silica fibres (MASF), Long Period Fibre Grating (LPFG), Coupled Modes, Optical propagation.;In this thesis, at first we were interested in studying the propagation occurrence in an optical fibre component. Our investigations are based on the modeling of the optical power exchanges between the propagated modes. During our simulations, several PCF characteristics were observed such as the singlemode behaviour on a large wavelength band. In our simulations, we used theoretical structures of Long Period Fiber Grating networks. The evolution of the propagation constants, the effective indices, and the coupling coefficients along PCF structures was examined and analyzed in order to be able to understand the experimental results obtained.