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Biosynthesis of noble metal nanoparticles and their biomedical and catalytic applications

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目录

声明

Abstract

摘要

Abbreviations

Table of contents

List of figures

List of Tables

List of Schemes

Chapter 1:Literature review

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Nanotechnology

1.3 Nanoparticles

1.4 Types of nanoparticles

1.5 Silver nanoparticles

1.6 Methods for nanoparticles synthesis

1.6.1 Physical methods

1.6.2 Chemical approaches

1.6.3 Biological approaches

1.7 Properties of silver nanoparticles

1.7.1 Antibacterial properties

1.7.2 Antifungal properties

1.7.3 Antiviral properties

1.7.4 Anti-inflammatory activities of silver nanoparticles

1.8 Medical applications of silver nanoparticles

1.8.1 Wound dressings

1.8.2 Silver nanoparticles in Cardiovascular implants

1.8.3 Silver nanoparticles in catheters

1.8.4 Silver nanoparticles in bone cement

1.8.5 Silver nanoparticles in dental materials

1.8.6 silver nanoparticles in biodiagnosis

1.8.7 Other medical uses

1.9 silver nanoparticles toxicity

1.9.In vitro Cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles

1.9.2 In Vivo cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles

References

Chapter 2:Methods and Materials

2.1 Materials

2.1.1 Chemicals

2.1.2 Glassware

2.1.3 Bacterial strains

2.1.4 Cancer cells

2.2 Methodologies

2.2.1 Biosynthesis of AgNPs

2.2.2 Synthesis of AuNPs

2.3.Characterization

2.3.1 Characterization of AgNPs and AuNPs

2.4.Antibacterial properties of AgNPs

2.4.1.Bacterial strains

2.4.2.Screening for antibacterial activity

2.4.3 Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)

2.4.4.Assessment of the cells constituents’ release

2.5.Hemolytic activity assay

2.6.Cytotoxicity

2.7.Antioxidant activity of Ag and AuNPs

2.8.Silver ions release property of AgNPs

2.9.AgNPs as a Photocatalysts

2.10.Fluorescence emission of AuNPS

References

Chapter 3:Results and Discussion Litchi fruit peel mediated synthesis of AgNPs and their biological and catalytic applications

3.1 UV-Vis spectroscopy

3.2 XRD analysis

3.3 EDX and SAED analysis

3.4.HRTEM analysis

3.5 FTIR study

3.6.Antibacterial activity

3.7.MIC of AgNPs

3.8 Cells constituents’ release

3.9 The mode of action of AgNPs

3.10.Hemolytic activity

3.11.Antioxidant activity of AgNPs

3.12 Release of silver ions

3.13.Photoeatalytic activity

References

Chapter 4:Longan fruit juice mediated synthesis of uniformly dispersed spherical AuNPs:antiproliferative response against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7,Antioxidant and Fluorescent properties

4.1 UV-visible spectroscopy

4.2.HRTEM and EDS analysis

4.3 XRD and FTIR analysis

4.4.TGA

4.5.Anticancer activity of AuNPs

4.6.Hemolytic activity

4.7.An tioxidant activity of AuNPs

4.8.Fluorescence emission

References

Chapter 5:Longan fruit juice mediated synthesis of AgNPs and their Biological applications

3.1 UV-Vis spectroscopy

5.2 XRD showing crystalline AgNPs

5.3 EDX profile showing crystalline silver nanoparticles

5.4 HRTEM image showing the size and dispersion of Ag nanoparticles

5.5 FTIR spectrum showing various groups capping AgNPs

5.6.Enzymatic browning reduction

5.7.Antibacterial activity

5.8.MIC of Ag nanoparticles

5.9 Cells constituents’ release

5.10.Hemolytic activity

5.11.Antioxidant activity of AgNPs

References

Chapter 6:Conclusion

List of Publications

Acknowledgment

Arif Ullah Khan(Author)

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摘要

在生物发光实验的发展中,金属纳米粒子的合成是一个重要的新兴分支。金属纳米粒子的植物合成是一种安全绿色、高性价比的方法。生产经济无毒的抗菌剂,抗氧化剂,抗肿瘤和酶促褐变还原剂是当前研究中最重要的。本文分三个部分讲述了金银纳米颗粒的生物合成。采用多种分析技术对合成的纳米粒子进行表征:紫外-可见光谱,XRD(X射线衍射光谱),EDX(电子色散X射线分析),SAED(选区电子衍射),HRTEM(高分辨率透射电子显微镜)以及FTIR(傅里叶变换红外光谱)。本文的三种不同成果在下面列出。
  (Ⅰ)第一个项目中,利用荔枝果皮水提取物和硝酸银溶液成功的合成了银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)。采用上述分析技术对其进行表征。TEM和XRD结果表明,制备的银纳米颗粒是分散很好、面心立方结晶的球形。银纳米颗粒表现出对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌性,最小抑制浓度分别为125μg、62.5μg和62.5μg。细菌细胞释放出细胞成分说明胞质膜已经恶化,这进一步证明了银纳米颗粒的抗菌能力。此外,银纳米颗粒还表现出很强的抗氧化活性,以及对正常健康红细胞的显著生物相容性。银纳米颗粒持续释放银离子的能力通过ICP-AES分析确定。而且相比于商业银纳米粒子,这些颗粒还表现出对亚甲蓝非凡的光催化降解能力(99.24%)。生物合成的银纳米粒子表现出显著的生物活性和光催化活性,是由于其体积小,而且是高度分散的球形。
  (Ⅱ)目前工作的第二个部分中,金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)采用以龙眼果汁作为还原、遮蔽和稳定剂的合成路线合成,具有生态友好,大剂量,绿色的特点。表征研究表明,这些纳米颗粒为球状,平均尺寸25nm,并且高度分散。此外,合成的金纳米颗粒还在阻止人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7的增殖以及清除DPPH自由基上表现出优异的活性。
  (Ⅲ)这项研究的第三个部分中,我们以龙眼果汁作为还原剂和稳定剂合成了环保型银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)。通过上述分析技术对制备的银纳米颗粒进行表征。以白菜作为模型系统,银纳米粒子表现出显著的酶促褐变还原能力(p<0.001)。目前还没有人报道过生物合成的具有酶促褐变还原性的银纳米粒子。这些银纳米粒子也表现出对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的显著抗菌性,最小抑制浓度分别为62.5μg/mL、31.25μg/mL、31.25μg/mL。银纳米粒子对枯草芽孢杆菌的2倍最小抑制浓度说明了细胞组分释放量之高。银纳米颗粒也表现出显著的DPPH自由基清除活性和生物相容性。总之,本研究的结果对于食品保鲜、加工和其他生物医学以及环境应用中的更有效的抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂、抗癌药物、光催化剂的合成具有重要意义。

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