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Syntax-Semantics Mismatches: The Case of Fake Attributives in Chinese

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目录

声明

Abstract

摘要

Contents

List of Abbreviations

Chapter Ⅰ An Introduction to Fake Attributives

1.1 The Notion and Classification of Fake Attributives

1.2 Previous Studies on Fake Attributives

1.2.1 J.Huang’s Account

1.2.2 S.Tang’s Account

1.2.3 L.Liu’s Account

1.3 Goals of the Present Study

1.4 Theoretical Framework of the Present Study

1.5 Organization of the Dissertation

Chapter Ⅱ V-DE Constructions and Derivation of Fake Possessives

2.1 V-DE Constraint on Object

2.2 Nature and Features of DE

2.2.1 Derivation of DE

2.2.2 Syntactic Structures of V-DE constructions

2.2.3 Case Assigned by V-DE

2.2.4 Theta-Roles Assigned by V-DE

2.2.5 Binding Features of Pros in Resultatives

2.3 The History of DE

2.4 Object Realization in V-DE Constructions

2.4.1 Ways for the Suppressed Object to Spell out

2.4.2 Syntactic Status of Topic and Focus

2.4.3 Topic-Prominence and Focalization in Chinese

2.5 Summary

Chapter Ⅲ Resultative V-V Compounds and Derivation of Fake Possessives

3.1 A Historical Perspective on Resultative V-V Compounds

3.1.1 Origin of Causative Constructions

3.1.2 Development of Resultatives and Loss of “V NP V” Constructions

3.2 A Syntactic Perspective on Resultative V-V Compounds

3.2.1 Lexicalist Account vs.Syntactic Account

3.2.2 A Unified Account for Resultatives

3.2.3 VVCO and Objeet Realization

3.3 Some Issues from the Previous Studies

3.3.1 A Syntactic Perspective on Baoyu qi-lei-le ma

3.3.2 Reexamining Li’s Evidence against a Syntactic Account

3.4 Summary

Chapter Ⅳ VO Complex Verbs and Derivation of Fake Possessives

4.1 VO Complex Verb Constraint on Object

4.2 A Syntactic Explanation on VOCO

4.2.1 Os in VO Complex Verbs:Quasi-Arguments

4.2.2 Objects of VO Complex Verbs and Their Realization

4.3 Pseudo-VO Complex Verbs

4.3.1 Previous Analyses

4.3.2 Classification of Pseudo-VO Complex Verbs

4.4 Ellipsis of De

4.5 Summary

Chapter Ⅴ Derivation of Fake Nominal Quantifiers

5.1 The Notion of Fake Nominal Quantifiers

5.2 Derivation of Fake Nominal Quantifiers

5.2.1 J.Huang’s and J.Shen’s Analyses

5.2.2 Z.Liu and Zhuang’s Analysis

5.2.3 Fake Nominal Quantifiers:Further Exploration

5.3 Other Verbal Quantifiers

5.4 Summary

Chapter Ⅵ A Prosodic Perspective on Fake Attributives

6.1 A Prosodic Perspective on the Nature of De

6.1.1 De as a Boundary Marker

6.1.2 De as a Clitie

6.2 Derivation of Fake Attributives

6.3 Occurrence of De:Further Research

6.3.1 De-Ellipsis and Reanalysis

6.3.2 More on De-Insertion

6.4 Summary

Chapter Ⅶ Achievements,Limitations and Implications

7.1 Major Findings and Characteristics of the Present Study

7.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies

7.3 Some Thoughts on Linguistic Research

References

Acknowledgements

攻读博士学位期间所发表作品

学位论文评阅及答辩情况表

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摘要

伪定语现象所表现出来的句法-语义错配是当前汉语语法研究的一个重要议题。本研究结合古今语料,在生成语法的框架内对现代汉语的伪定语现象进行了考察,发现不论伪领属还是伪名量,其派生都是由句法的格需求引发,同时受到历史因素(如韵律发展)及/或信息结构的影响所致。
   伪领属实际上是复杂动词宾语的实现方式之一:由于格的匮乏,复杂动词(内部或整体)的宾语在其基础生成位置的实现受到了抑制,只好迂回地出现在其他位置,以各种形式表现出来,这其中就包括伪领属。具体说来,由于“V-得结构”与“V-V合成动词”的内部宾语在其基础生成位置遭到抑制,只能迂回地出现于其他位置。倘若它进入句法上的焦点短语位置,就可能在音系结构上引发泛化焦点重建,导致话题与焦点进入一个粘附组,从而影响语义的传达和信息的加工。这时,为保证句法与音系的匹配,只能采用额外的手段,如停顿,插入语气词或界限标记,倘若所采用的手段为插入界限标记“的”,即会导致伪领属现象。同样是由于格的匮乏(“VO复杂动词”所指派的受格为O所夺),“VO复杂动词”的真正宾语也无法在原地实现,而只好与介词结合(形成一个PP)以获得旁格,或者进入O的领属语位置以获得属格。后者即为伪领属。
   伪名量的出现,从根本上来讲,也是由于格需求所致。伪名量结构,实际上是部分动量词的特殊表现形式。由于格需求的存在,它要么进入动词管辖位置,夺取动词指派给其宾语的格(从而迫使动词宾语隐退或进入动词复制结构),要么摇身变为NP的修饰语,获得与NP一致的格。倘若所选择的为后者,即为伪名量。
   总而言之,“V-得结构”与“V-V合成动词”所牵涉的伪领属是句法与韵律交互作用的结果,其推导在句法-韵律(音系)接口完成;而“VO复杂动词”所牵涉的伪领属以及期间短语、频率短语所涉及的伪名量则主要是句法自身运作的结果。
   各种伪定语虽然表面类似,其产生机制却不相同,不宜一概而论。由于句法、韵律、信息结构等各种因素错综交织,纷繁复杂,要揭示其内部的推导机制,单纯在句法层面上研究是不够的,而必须综合多方面的因素,如韵律、信息结构等,统筹兼顾,全面考察,如此,方能做出恰当的解释。

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