Current Condition of Restoration and Rebuilding in degraded area due to mining operation,in Mongolia/Evidence gathered from the Zaamar soum,Tuv province/

摘要

2006年蒙古自然环保组织报道在蒙古营业的矿业公司进行研究，据了解13718.5公顷土地已破坏，其中2553.2(18％)公顷已做生态恢复剩下的11165.3公顷土地没做生态恢复。2008年蒙古环保部报道，14565公顷土地被破坏，短短两年的时间增加了846.5公顷土地已破坏，此报告中没计算手工挖的土地，3386.6(23.5％)公顷土地已做生态恢复11178.4没做生态恢复。近年蒙古金矿增加对河流严重破坏及断流的危险信息一直增加让我们很担心。因此矿产资源开采同时我们必须需要进行生态恢复，最主要的问题是选择好种子符合当地的自然条件，土壤研究，种植等工作。2010年6月10日我们(蒙古国农业大学的教师和研究人员)测试在蒙古国中央省扎马尔苏木地区土拉河沙滩东侧的无灌溉实验场，符合MNS5918:2008蒙古国标准，研究了9种多年生的草本植物。现场实验中我们种了以下面植物:BromusinermusLeyss。(无芒誉麦)，Elytrigiarepens(L.)Desv.ExNeyski(偃麦草)，AgropyronmongolicumKeng.(蒙古冰草)，Stipasibirica(L.)Lam.(西伯利亚针茅)，MedicagofalcataL.(黄花苜蓿)，ElymusdahuricusTurcz.exGriseb.(披碱草)，Agropyroncristatum(L.)Beauv(冰草)，Psathyrostachysjuncea(Fisch.)Nevski(新麦草)，AstragalusadsurgensPail.(斜茎黄芪)。植物种时我们参考了下面的实验，种子的发芽率和纯度在实验室，在实验现场中种子发芽率，生存能力，再生能力，第二年的植物种子质量。研究结果表明MedicagofalcataL.(黄花苜蓿)，Psathyrostachysjuncea(Fisch.)Nevski(新麦草)，Stipasibirica(L.)Lam.(西伯利亚针茅)，Elytrigiarepens(L.)Desv.ExNeyski(偃麦草)，ElymusdahuricusTurcz.exGriseb.(披碱草)，Agropyroncristatum(L.)Beauv(冰草)，这些植物的实验结果比较高(72.6％-88.2％)适合种在采矿废弃地。

目录

声明

摘要

Abstract

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION

Preface

CHAPTER#1．CURRENT CONDITIONS AND RESTORATION MADE TO THE LAND，THAT HAS BEEN DEGRADED DUE TO MINING，AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENT

1．1 The current condition of restorations on mined and degraded land

1．2 Land rehabilitation experiences of some countries

1．3 Legal environment of the land rehabilitation

1．3．1．Terms of “Minerals Law” of Mongolia

1．3．2 Terms of The Law on the Earth Entrails…

1．3．3 National standards for biological reclamation of mined area

CHAPTER 2．RESEARCHES DONE BY CURRENT SUBJECT，RESEARCH INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY

2．1 Research activities on given subject

2．2 Research Introduction

2．2．1 Research experiment on choosing species of perennial for biological reclamation

2．2．2 Observation and measurement of the second year

2．3 The research methodology

2．3．1 Density record of the plantation made on the controlling field

2．3．2 Methodology of laboratory intergrowth of seeds

2．3．3 The seeds quality of second year growing

2．3．4 The observation and the scaling methodology of survey in 2010

2．3．5 The spring re growth of second year plants

CHAPTER 3．FEATURE OF RESEARCH AREA：CLIMATE，LOCATION，SOIL AND PLANTATION

3．1 Geographical location

3．2 Climate condition

3．3 Soil

3．4 Specification of the local vegetation

CHAPTER 4 OUTCOME OF THE EXPERIMENT AND RESEARCH

4．1 Plantation In controlling area which is not affected by mining

4．2 Result of the experimental research in 2010

4．2．1 Quality of the seeds to cultivate

4．2．2 Quality of the cultivated seeds

4．3 The first year germination of natural plants

4．4 Survivability

4．5 Profiles of perennial plants which are used for biological reclamation

4．5．1．冰草 Scientific name：Agropyron cristatum (L．) Beauv

4．5．2．无芒誉麦 Scientific name：Bromus inermis Leyss

4．5．3 披碱草 Scientific name：Elymus dahuricus

4．5．4 黄花苜蓿 Scientific name：Medicago falcate L．

4．5．5 西伯利亚针茅 Scientific name：Stipa sibirica (L．) Lam

4．5．6．新麦草 Scientific name：Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch．Nevski)

4．5．7．斜茎黄芪 Scientific name：Astragalus adsurgens Pall

4．5．8 蒙古冰草 Scientific name：Agropyron mongolicum Keng

4．5．9 偃麦草 Scientific name：Elytrigia repens (L．) Desv．Ex Neyski

Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendix A．Technology to plant perennial grassy plants with a view to make biological rehabilitation on mined site

Appendix B．Current condition of mining reclamation

Appendix C．Test process of mining of 2009 year

致谢