声明
摘要
ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.1.1 The problems of ballast water and invasive species
1.1.2 Microalgae in ballast water
1.1.3 Bacteria in ballast water
1.1.4 Global response to ships ballast water issues
1.2 Motivations,objectives and hypothesis
1.3 Literature review of the detecting,testing,monitoring and analyzing methods for ships ballast water quality
1.3.1Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
1.3.2 Fluorescein diacetate(FDA)
1.3.4 Flow cytometry Method
1.3.5 Microscopy method
1.3.6 Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method
1.3.7 Other potential analyzing methods
1.4 Outlines of dissertation
Chapter 2 A novel electrokinetic microfluidic detector for evaluating the effectiveness of disinfection of microalgae in ships ballast water
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Preparation of sample solution
2.2.1 Dunaliella salina isolation
2.2.2 Titration of sodium hypochlorite solution(NaClO)
2.3 Microfluidic chip technology
2.3.1 Advantages of microfluidic chip compared to conventional technologies
2.3.2 Fabrication of microfluidic chip
2.4 Theoretical applications
2.4.1 Analysis of control by electroosmosis
2.4.2 Analysis of control by electrophoresis
2.4.3 Analysis of control by electrokinetic on a microfluidic chip
2.5 Chlorophyll fluorescence-based activity assay
2.5.1The choice of excitation and emission spectrums for chlorophyll fluorescence
2.5.2 Analysis of microalgae activity by chlorophyll fluorescence
2.6 A novel detection system
2.6.1 System structure
2.6.2 Working principle
2.6.3 Experimental procedures
2.7 Results and Discussion
2.7.1 Relative activity after different concentration on the same duration
2.7.2 Relative activity after different treatment time
2.7.3 Effect on D.salina through treatment with different concentration NaClO at the same time
2.7.4 Effect on D.salina activity through treatment at constant concentration of sodium hypochlorite solution with different durations
2.8 Conclusion
Chapter 3 An examination of the validity of MRPS method for the detection of label-free E.coli and Enterococci in ships ballast water
3.1Introduction
3.2 Sample preparations
3.2.2 Growing E.coli and Enterococci in agar plates
3.2.3 Culturing E.coli and Enterococci
3.2.4 Samples and spiking
3.3 Theoretical applications
3.3.1 Resistive pulse analysis
3.3.2 The increase in electrical resistance by particle size
3.3.3 The increase in electrical resistance by off-axis
3.4Microfluidic chip for detecting system
3.4.1 Design of a microfluidic chip
3.4.2 Microfluidic chip fabrication
3.5 Microfluidic resistive pulse sensor(MRPS)detection system
3.5.1 System structure
3.5.2 Experimental procedure and working principle of MRPS detection system
3.6 Results and Discussion
3.6.1 Effectiveness design results of MRPS system
3.6.2 Examining the validity of MRPS detection system
3.6.3 Detecting Escherichia Coli and Enterococci
3.6.4 A comparison of results between conceptual model and experimental outcomes
3.7 Conclusion
Chapter 4 A changeable lab-on-a-chip detector for marine nonindigenous microorganisms in ships ballast water
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sample preparations
4.2.1 Samples solution of microalgae
4.2.2 Sample solution of bacteria
4.3 Theoretical applications of fluorescence
4.3.1Excitaion and emission spectra
4.3.2 Brightness
4.3.3 Signal linearity
4.3.4 Environmental effects
4.4 Materials for detecting system
4.4.1 Design of a microfluidic chip
4.4.2 Fabrication of the microfluidic chip
4.4.3 Fundamental materials for LED light induced fluorescence detection
4.4.4 Design of excitation light source part and fluorescence collector part
4.5 Changeable chip detector
4.5.1 Overall design of detecting system
4.5.2Mechanical structure of a detecting box
4.5.3 LED light induced chlorophyll fluorescence(LED-LICF)detection principle
4.5.4 Working procedures
4.6 Results and Discussions
4.6.1 Validity system tests with fluorescent particles
4.6.2 Viable microorganisms tests
4.6.3 Simultaneous microorganisms viable tests
4.6.4 Bacteria and non-IMO microorganisms tests
4.7 Conclusions
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Conclusions and discussions
5.2 Recommendations
References
List of Abbreviations
Academic Papers
Acknowledgements
Curriculum Vitae