文学文体学和叙事学视角下鲁迅短篇小说两个英译本的对比研究

摘要

文学作品的文学价值体现在内容和形式两方面。语言形式是表达和加强主题意义和美学效果的重要途径。就小说而言，译者对其的翻译往往注重内容表达，忽略语言形式及其产生的文体效果。此外，传统文学翻译研究和批评往往囿于主观直觉和印象式的判断，难以达到最大限度的客观。文学文体学以科学的语言学方法为工具，着重探讨作者如何通过对语言形式的选择来表达和加强主题意义和美学效果。将文学文体学应用于小说翻译研究，可以帮助分析翻译中“假象等值”产生的原因及文体对等实现的关键。同时，小说研究离不开叙事。叙事学结合结构主义和形式主义理论，探讨特定语境下叙事形式对叙事效果的影响。将叙事学应用于小说翻译有助于考察原文的叙事形式是否在译本中得以重现，叙事效果有无达到对等。 本文尝试结合文学文体学和叙事学理论和方法，对鲁迅短篇小说的两个英译本进行对比研究。通过运用文体学家利奇和肖特提出的研究方法，结合申丹教授等研究者的补充，本文从词汇、句法和书写层面进行了细致的文体对比分析。结合叙事学家热奈特对视角的分类，利奇和肖特对言语思想表达的分类，本文就文学文体学和叙事学在视角和言语思想表达这两个重合层面进行了对比分析。 本文研究发现，小说中的文体特点和叙事形式对于表达文学意义、达到一定的叙事效果具有重要意义，因而只注重传达小说事实的翻译必然在各个层次出现“假象等值”，造成小说主题意义、美学效果或叙事效果的削弱或流失。杨宪益、戴乃迭版本和威廉·莱尔版本都是优秀的鲁迅小说英译本，但都在不同程度上出现了“假象等值”。本文通过对比研究发现，通过在叙事学框架下进行文体分析可以帮助译者提高文体意识，在最大限度上避免小说翻译中的“假象等值”。

目录

声明

摘要

Abstract

CONTENTS

Chapter One Introduction

1．1 Research Background

1．2 Rationale and Significance of the Thesis

1．3 Structure of the Thesis

Chapter Two Literature Review

2．1 Review of Literary Stylistics

2．1．1 Review of Slylisties and Literary Stylisties Abroad

2．1．2 Review of Stylistics and Literary Stylistics in China

2．2 Review of Narratology

2．2．1 Review of Narratology Abroad

2．2．2 Review of Narratology in China

2．3 The Relationship between Literary stylistics and Narratology

2．4 Studies on Application of Literary Stylistics to Fictional Translation

2．5 Studies on the Application of Narratology to Fictional Translation

2．6 The Application of Literary Stylistics and Narratology to Fictional Translation Studies

2．7 Review of the Studies on the English Translation of Lu Xun’s Short Stories

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework

3．1 Important Concepts in Literary stylistics and Narratology

3．1．1 Deviation

3．1．2 Prominence

3．1．3 Foregrounding

3．1．4 Focalization

3．1．5 Speech and Thought Presentation

3．2 The Relationship between Structural Feature and Literary Significance

3．3 The Relationship between Narrative Form and Narrative Effect

3．4 The Difference between “Referential Equivalence” and “Stylistic Equivalence”

3．5 The Analytical Procedure of Literary Stylistics and Narratology in Translation

Chapter Four A Comparative Analysis of Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang’s and William A．Lyell’s English Versions

4．1 Translation Comparison at the Lexical Level

4．1．1 Translation of Indeterminate Words

4．1．2 Translation of Formal Words against Informal Context

4．1．3 Translation of Coined Words

4．1．4 Translation of Seemingly Illogical Words

4．2 Translation Comparison at the Syntactic Level

4．2．1 Syntax and Pace

4．2．2 Syntax and the Imitation of Process

4．2．3 Syntax and Prominence

4．3 Translation Comparison at the Graphological Level

4．4 Translation of Focalization

4．4．1 Translation of Focalization Shift from Omniscient Narrator to Restricted Character-focalizer

4．4．2 Translation of Focalization Shift from First Person External Foealization to First Person Internal Foealization

4．5 Translation of Speech and Thought Presentation

Chapter Five Conclusion

5．1 Major Findings

5．2 Limitations

Bibliography

Acknowledgements