CUMULATIVE ENERGY DEMAND AND CUMULATIVE EMISSIONS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEMS IN EUROPE

摘要

Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) can be understood as an indicator of environmental impacts as far as thedepletion of energy resources is concerned. Within this research project three grid-connected photovoltaicsystems (sc-Si, pc-Si and a-Si based) are examined in regard to CED and Cumulative Emissions. Theproduction of these systems was chosen to take place in seven European countries: Germany, France, Spain,Italy, Netherlands, Austria and Sweden. Due to the fact that electricity demand does play a major role inproduction of photovoltaics and that power generation differs throughout these countries CED varies fromabout 23400 MJ/kWp to 65200 MJ/kWp. The Cumulative Emissions (CEm) where found to lie betweenabout 800 kg CO_2/kWp and 3900 kg CO_2/kWp, 1.7 kg NOx/kWp and 5.3 kg NOx/kWp and 1.8 kg SO_2/kWpand 4.6 kg SO_2/kWp.