Unique Opportunities for Effluent Reuse with Decentralized Treatment

摘要

Decentralized wastewater treatment is frequently used worldwide in those locationswhere additional water supply and shortages of potable water make reuse of highlytreated wastewater more acceptable. Treated wastewaters often are less costly thandevelopment of other potable water supplies.The use of decentralized treatment facilities, which are commonly referred to as‘scalping’ or ‘sewer mining’ facilities, typically produce a high quality level ofwastewater effluent. Irrigation usage is often accomplished with only secondary levels oftreatment followed by filtration and high levels of disinfection. Other indirect and directpotable water schemes require very extensive process configurations, including ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation.This paper will discuss several of the drivers for decentralized wastewater treatment, suchas irrigation, water supply augmentation, stream flow augmentation, and industrial reuse.Several case histories of various wastewater treatment plants around the world will bepresented, including design criteria, effluent standards, and other descriptive information.