SYMBOLIC APPROACH FOR DEVELOPING COLLABORATIVE AND AUTONOMOUS LEARNING (CAL) IN HIGHER EDUCATION

摘要

A strategy is introduced for converting ordinary teacher-led instruction in large classes to student-centered learning distributed at workplaces and homes. Metaphors, images, models and propositions give us a framework for designing collaborative and autonomous learning. We start from instruction in a large class divided into a number of small teams and repeat revisions in order to accumulate sufficient technological know-how in the form of symbolic representations for instructional design. This method facilitates transformation of teachers' perceptions about teaching and learning. The second step is to investigate team learning with a small number of students and develop instructional know-how for effective management of teamwork at a distance, gradually increasing the number of distant teams involved. We introduce three steps and a future plan: 1) collaborative learning in a class divided into numerous teams of around six members each under the supervision of an instructor and a mentor, 2) close observation of a small number of students, teachers and adults working collaboratively on campus as well as at a distance, 3) collaborative and autonomous learning by doctoral candidates who share their experiences implementing the projects and 4) a future plan for forming a large number of teams working at their workplaces or homes.