Jackson, Michigan Stormwater Utility: Addressing Michigan’s Stormwater Utility User Fee Requirements

摘要

The creation of new stormwater utilities in Michigan came to a halt in 1998 when the MichiganrnSupreme Court ruled in the case of Bolt v. Lansing (also known as the Bolt Opinion) that thernLansing, Michigan stormwater utility did not meet the three-part test for establishing a valid userrnfee. In 2011 Jackson became the first community in Michigan to implement a new stormwaterrnutility since the Bolt Opinion. Jackson’s stormwater utility was designed to comply with thernthree-part test guidance given in the Bolt Opinion.rnThis paper summarizes the steps that the City followed to comply with the Court’s user feernrequirements.