The water content of the soil of the upper Martian surface at mid- and low latitudes is to a substantial part due to physisorbed ,,adsorption water". Adsorption water does not freeze in the lower monolayers, it behaves liquid-like. Two monolayers of water molecules correspond to about 12.6 kg water per cubic meter Martian soil, equivalent to about 1% by weight. This order of magnitude is in agreement with results of the Viking in-situ experiments and of Mars Odyssey. Chemical properties of the present Martian surface are shown to become potentially influenced by chemical reactions which are possible at and in the Martian surface due to the presence of adsorption water. Adsorption water in the Martian surface can be also of exobiologic relevance.
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