SOLAR ENERGETIC PHENOMENA AND RADIATION HAZARDS TO BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

摘要

This paper will treat energetic processes on the Sun that are relevant for biological systems in the near Earth space. During these violent explosions hazardous short wavelength radiation is released which is several orders of magnitudes higher than in the case for a quiet Sun. With a delay of several hours to days also high energetic particles hit the Earth. In the paper we describe the main processes on the Sun that are responsible for these eruptions and discuss the possibilities to predict these. Several examples of dangerous quantities of radiation and high energetic particles that occured during the past are discussed as well as shielding mechanisms and the effect on living organisms. Rdaiation exposures to manned space missions such as the Apollo missions are further discussed.