Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Coal Combustion Byproducts used as a Filter Material for Phosphorus Removal in Small Scale On-Site Wastewater Systems - An Overview

摘要

Bed filters being the units of small scale on-site wastewater treatment systems may use different materials to reach an appropriate level of domestic wastewater treatment. This paper overviews a number of relevant studies where sand, gravel, clay, and coal combustion byproducts have been used as filter materials for phosphorus reduction in wastewater. Led by these studies, a comparative analysis of each of the different approaches is outlined, and finally few recommendations on the selection of the material to use in bed filter units are drawn.