Thermodynamics Of Extremely Diluted Solutions

摘要

An extensive thermodynamic study has been carried out on aqueousrnsolutions, obtained through the iteration of this basic step: a dilution 1:100 inrnmass and a succussion. This step is iterated until extreme dilutions arernreached, less than 1.10 -5 mol kg -1 , "extremely diluted solutions",(EDS). Wernmeasured the heats of mixing of basic solutions with the "EDS” their electricalrnconductivity and pH. All these parameters are higher than compared withrnsolvent. We take into account effect of chemical impurities, deriving from thernglass containers. We also measured the e.m.f. of suitable galvanic cells, atrnincreasing concentrations of added electrolytes that is always higher in thern"EDS” than in pure water. Here we thus show that successive dilutions andrnsuccussions can permanently alter the physico-chemical properties of thernsolvent water. The nature of the phenomena here described still remainsrnunexplained, nevertheless some significant experimental results were obtained.