Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by Flammulina Velutipes Fermented on Cooked Rice

摘要

Mushrooms have attracted great attention as a functional food and as a source of bioactive metabolites for the development of drugs and nutraceuticals. In addition to dried fruiting bodies, mushroom mycelia could also be used as functional food and nutraceutical material. The technique of solid-stated fermentation (SSF) involves the growth and metabolism of microorganism on moist solid substrates in the absence of free flowing water. Traditionally, the SSF techniques, such as the growth of fungi on cooked rice, have been used to produce some traditional food and medicine in Asia. To add more value of edible mushrooms, we tried to grow the edible and medicinal mushrooms on the cooked rice. The solid cultures of edible mushrooms on rice were extracted with organic solvent, and analyzed by TLC and HPLC techniques. Extracts containing rich metabolites were selected to further chemical investigation. As a result, over fifty bioactive secondary metabolites were obtained, including thirty five sesquiterpenoids (twenty seven new compounds) with various activities including antioxidation, aromatase inhibition and cytotoxicity from Flammulina velutipes. Edible mushrooms are generally believed to be good source for producing biologically active metabolites. Our current researches on edible mushroom provide further evidence that fermentation of edible mushroom by SSF techniques can activate their secondary metabolism pathway to synthesis previously unknown bioactive metabolites.