Planning for What Could Go Wrong, When in Fact It Could Go Right—The Importance of Risk Management on Tunneling and Underground Construction Projects

摘要

Regardless of whether a tunneling program or project is in the planning, design, or executionrnphase tackling risks early on is more time and cost-effective than responding to problems. From inception,rnprojects carry more risk than anticipated resulting in missing target dates and experiencing cost increases.rnAs projects unfold, new risks arise, and they become problems if not identified and acted on immediately. Thisrnpaper outlines key risk management strategies for owners, tunnel designers and constructors that eliminate, orrnlessen the severity of, as much risk as possible from the earliest project planning and design stages.