THE MEDAKA FISH: AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY ITS USE FOR THE SURVEY OF MICROALGAL TOXINS: PHYCOTOXINS AND CYANOTOXINS

摘要

Microalgae and cyanobacteria are blossoming in aquatic ecosystems giving rise to more or less dense blooms. Eutrophic conditions often favor such proliferations: for example it is the case of benthic dinoflagellates such as various Prorocentrum which densely grow on coral reef disturbed by storm or engineering. In the marine environment as well as in fresh and brackish waters, some species of these microorganisms can synthetize toxins which have impact on ecosystems and human health. For marine or brackish microalgae, mainly dinoflagellates but also some diatoms, intoxications occur after consumption of seafood, most of the time shellfish or finfish. For cyanobacteria, the risks are associated with drinking water or renal dialysis and also recreational aquatic activities. For documentation, see Chorus and Bartram, 1999; Botana, 2000; Fremy and Lassus, 2001; Hallegraeff et al., 2003.