Biomarkers in plants

摘要

Plants can react rapidly to adverse environmental conditions ranging from invisible biochemical processes up to the development of visible symptoms of injury, independent of the primary target of the stress the best recognized in leaves in the field. Biochemical biomarkers may be very specific for one or a group of compounds or a general indication of an environmental stress. Biophysical biomarkers are based on changes in chlorophyll content and fluorescence, visual biomarkers on changes in leaf pigments. Exposure time, exposure concentration and the stability of the biomarker are the most important aspects of the quantitative biomarkers.