It is well known that the constitutive behaviour during the marthnsitic transformation of material is non-normal in that a plasticity-like strain develops even is cases where the macrostress is well below the yield strengths of both the parent phase and the martensite. The fundamental reasons are microscopic orientation of the martensite due to the local stress state and oriented microscopic plastic flow. The phenomena have been experimentally described by, for instance, Zhang et al. (1992) and analytically and numerically by, for instance, Magee (1996), Fischer (1992), Diani et al. (1992) and Patoor et al. (1993).
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