FAILURES OF COPPER POTABLE WATER PIPING DUE TO DESIGN, MATERIALS AND POOR WORKMANSHIP

摘要

A large number of unexpected and sometimes rapid failures in potable water systems result from poor or faulty design, substandard materials and poor workmanship. This paper discusses typical failures and presents case histories due to substandard wall thickness, use of corrosive fluxes, erosion- corrosion, corrosion fatigue, improper reaming, excessive flux, overheating, cold bending, contact of pipe with structural members, missing, loose or improperly installed riser clamps, microbiological influenced corrosion due to inadequate cleaning and flushing, and faulty inspections.