In this paper, we describe an extension to the Kirchhoff approach, commonly used to describe near-nadir backscattering, to include the proper polarization sensitivity for general bistatic scattering from gently-sloping perfectly-conductingsurfaces. This extension is based on a small-slope expansion of the surface-current integral equation. A compact vector notation that significantly simplifies the general description of the polarization of the scattered field is introduced. We show howthis extended Kirchhoff scattering model can provide a convenient tool for the analysis of general bistatic scattering problems such as one might encounter in the study of passive microwave emission or OPS-based scatterometry.
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