Ground treatment was required to consolidate soils for the formation of emergency evacuation cross passage adits between the two tubes of the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation, Tsing Tsuen Tunnels in Hong Kong. Jet grouting techniques were successfully employed to produce a sufficiently strong and watertight block of treated soil to permit safe and efficient excavation. The impact on the adjacent urban areas had to be considered and methods were developed to minimise the impacts to the public, traffic, services and adjacent structures, having regard to disturbance caused by excessive ground movements.
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