The growing demand for new railways in highly populated areas, coupled with environmental constrains, is increasingly pushing railway transport underground Traditionally, metropolitan tubes are associated with tunnels Now mainline railways are using more tunnels than even a few decades ago, to get closer to city centers As the length of tunnels increase, the issue of passenger safety is more apparent when evacuation from trains becomes necessary. The most demanding example of this is when a tram is on fire Consequences to passengers from both heat, thermal radiation and smoke in two types of tunnels (single and twin track), with and without ventilation are the most frequent assessments required in quantified risk analyses. The results of such assessments have a large impact on tunnel design, equipment installed and evacuation procedures, hence their accuracy is very important. Some recent experience of modeling passenger evacuation from a modern train on fire in tunnels is presented in the paper. It combines modelling the time domain of passenger flow through constrictions and heat and smoke movement in various environmental conditions Some results, including scenarios leading to casualties, based on experience acquired during the design process of a new railway, are provided for illustration purposes.
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