The evolution of World Wide Web search tools

摘要

Today's Internet search tools can trace their origins to the development of Archie and Veronica used for searching FTP and Gopher sites. The first search engines were difficult to use and search directories such as Yahoo! provided an alternative route to finding material, WebCrawler was the first major search engine followed by OpenText, Lycos and others. Alta Vista was the first to offer Boolean logic - making it the favoured choice for professional searchers. As the World Wide Web developed, search tools added local country versions and other features. Alternative search approaches, including meta-search engines combining searches from several search tools and specialist subject directories, also appeared. The major search engines improved search sophistication by allowing users to refine searches to filter results. They also added subject directories containing quality reviewed sites. Increasing competition between the various search tools resulted in alliances, content addition and a move away from being jumping-off points to other Web destinations to being destinations in their own right. The search tool companies started to redefine themselves as media companies differentiating themselves from each other. Advertising is a key revenue source, and licensing agreements, alliances and software sales are also important. Alternative revenue models include Northern Light's 'pay-to-view' sites and GoTo's 'pay for placement' approach. The search engines are attempting to become portal or gateway sites, keeping visitors for longer. Approaches taken include the creation of channels and special interest group sites along with services such as free e-mail and Web site options. The drive to add value has led to a flurry of acquisitions. Centraal Corporation's Real Name system, adopted by Alta Vista, promises to make company searches simpler. The future promises a convergence between the traditional non-electronic media companies and the search tool companies.