Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Fine and Ultrafine Particles from Indoor Sources on Arterial Stiffness - A Randomized Sham-Controlled Exposure Study of Healthy Volunteers

摘要

Introduction: Particulate air pollution is linked to adverse cardiovascular effects, including arterial stiffness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term exposure to particles from indoor sources on arterial stiffness, assessed as augmentation index (Alx), augmentation pressure (AP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Methods: We used multiple mixed linear regression to analyze the association of particle emissions from 2h candle burning (CB), toasting bread (TB), and frying sausages (FS) with changes in arterial stiffness in 55 volunteers in a randomized cross-over controlled exposure study. Size-specific particle mass (PMC) and particle number concentration (PNC), and lung-deposited particle surface area concentration (PSC) were measured during the 2h exposure. Alx and AP were measured before, directly and 2h, 4h and 24hrs after exposure. PWV was measured directly and 24hrs after exposure. Results: We observed a significant increase in Alx of 6.3% (95%-CI: 1.1; 11.5) in the categorical analysis directly after the exposure CB, PM10 and PM2.5 from TB were associated with increases in Alx up to 4h after exposure, with highest associations for PM2.5 (8.1% (95%-CI: 2.5; 13.7) directly after exposure. PNC from FS and CB, was associated with significant increases of Alx after the exposure FS for all time points (range: 4.1% (95%-CI: 0.5; 7.6) after 2h; 5.9% (95%-CI: 1.5; 10.2) after 24hrs) and directly after the exposure CB (5.6% (95%-CI: 1.0; 10.2). PSC measured during FS was also associated with a 5.4% (95%-CI: 1.4; 9.4) and 4.2% (95%-CI: 0.1; 8.3) increase in Alx directly after and 4h after the exposure, respectively. The results of the PWV showed no distinct associations. Conclusion: Our findings show rapid increases in arterial stiffness in healthy individuals after exposure to typical indoor sources. These changes of central arterial indices differ concerning magnitude, duration, and association to specific particle metrics and particle sources.