ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY STORAGE INTEGRATION IN STANDALONE POLYGENERATION SYSTEMS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

摘要

Energy consumption and CO_2 emissions in residential sector plays an important role to face the climate change. Technologies and strategies which allow the reduction of fuel consumption and CO_2 emissions in energy supply systems for residential buildings are required. This work analyses the integration of different renewable energy and energy storage technologies for a residential building located in Zaragoza, Spain. It is selected a standalone energy system in order to study in a systematic way how different technologies interact and affect the optimal design, from conventional to polygeneration systems. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model was developed to optimize the system from the economic point of view whereas CO_2 emissions are calculated simultaneously. Results show that photovoltaic technology provides a remarkable reduction of costs and along with cogeneration allow a significant CO_2 emissions reduction as well. In addition, it was determined the synergies of different technologies, e.g. batteries capacity is reduced when cogeneration and thermal energy storage are considered. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the number of cycles of the Ion Lithium batteries was carried out to show its competitiveness with respect to lead acid batteries.