Effect of electric vehicles' optimal charging-discharging schedule on a building's electricity cost demand considering low voltage network constraints

摘要

Nowadays, one of the dominant reasons of excessive energy consumption is the high energy demand in corporate and/or public buildings. At the same time, electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more and more popular worldwide being a considerable alternative power source when parked. In this work we initially propose an energy management framework which optimizes the control of the charging-discharging schedule of a fleet of EVs arriving at a university building for two typical load-days in February and May aiming at the minimization of the energy demand and, thus, the electricity cost of the building. To this end, a mixed integer linear programing (MILP) model containing binary and continuous variables was developed. Uncertainties in load, generation, and cost require modeling power systems with a probabilistic approach. In such a way, the probabilistic nature of demand side management (DSM) problem is also possible to be addressed. The integration of the EVs in the Low Voltage (LV) grid is simulated with a probabilistic analysis framework that uses real smart metering (SM) data. The stochastic character of the loading parameters at the network nodes is studied taking into account the charging energy needs of the corresponding EVs fleet.