Chaotic fluid mixing is generally eonsidered to enhance fluid-wall heat transfer and thermal homogenisalion in laminar Hows. However, this essentially concerns the transient stage towards a fully-developed (thermally-homogeneous) asymptotic state and then specifically for high Péclet numbers numbers Pe (convective heat transfer dominates). The role of chaos at lower Pe under both transient and asymptotic conditions, relevant to continuous thermal processes as e.g. micro-electronics cooling, remains largely unexplored to date. The present study seeks to gain first insight into this matter by the analysis of a representative model problem: heat transfer in the 2D time-periodic lid-driven cavity flow induced via non-adiabatic walls. Transient and asymptotic states are investigated in terms of both the temperature field and the thermal transport routes. This combined Eulerian-Lagrangian approach enables fundamental investigation of the connection between heat transfer and chaotic mixing and its ramifications for temperature distributions and heat-transfer rates. The analysis exposes a very different role of chaos in that its effectiveness for thermal homogenisation and heat-transfer enhancement is in low-Pe transient and asymptotic states marginal at best. Here chaos may in fact locally amplify temperature fluctuations and thus hamper instead of promote thermal homogeneity. These findings reveal that optimal thermal conditions are at lower Pe not automatic with chaotic mixing and may depend on a delicate interplay between flow and heat-transfer mechanisms.
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