Disturbances of the stromal microstructure occurring in refractive surgical procedures may create unexpected and undesircd changes to the vision quality of the eye. Examples of common procedures which can profoundly alter the integrity of the stroma include laser ablation techniques such as Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)for treating myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, scleral incisions for lens extraction in cataract surgery and conducting keratoplasty (CK) for the treatment of hyperopia and presbyopia. The stroma is the primary load-carrying layer of the cornea and in the normal eye it is in a state of tension resulting from the intraocular pressure (IOP).
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