A Field Exercise Course to Train IAEA Safeguards Inspectors inImplementing the Additional Protocol and PerformingComplementary Access Activities

摘要

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Department of Safeguards has the task ofimplementing the Additional Protocol (AP) in the Member States that have signed agreementsbringing that treaty into force. The IAEA inspector under the traditional INFCIRC/153 [1] safeguardshas been an accountant focused on the declared nuclear material stores of a Member State. TheINFCIRC/540 [2] Strengthened Safeguards System (SSS) provides the Agency and its inspectors withthe right to investigate a Member State's nuclear programme to see if all declared activities are inorder and no undeclared activities exist. This broadening of the scope of the inspector'sresponsibilities has changed the training of the inspectors to orient them to being an investigatorcompared to an accountant [3]. The Safeguards training department has created a curriculum ofcourses that provides the background to train the inspectorate into this new inspection regime [4]. TheUnited States Support Program (USSP) has contributed to this curriculum by putting together a courseat Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in Additional Protocol Complementary Access (APCA) togive the IAEA the opportunity to provide inspectors a necessary field exercise in a realisticenvironment at a research site. Brookhaven National Laboratory contains three shutdown nuclear research reactors, operating particleaccelerators, hot cells, radioactive waste storage, laser laboratories, and magnet production facilitieson a large site very similar to numerous research facilities around the world situated in non-nuclearweapon states (NNWS). The USSP Team created an Article 2 declaration containing annotated mapsof the site, descriptions of the buildings on site, satellite and aerial photographs of the area, and adeclaration of research activities on the site. The declaration is as realistic to actual BNL researchexcept that proprietary and security concerns of the BNL site have been taken into account. The USSPTeam felt the best training vehicle provides a realistic scenario and that adding manufactured fictionalsituations weakens the scenario for the student. The facilities at BNL provide enough ambiguities forthe student to investigate without any contrived scenarios.The BNL site will be part of a fictional country called Freedonia. Freedonia consists of the real LongIsland of the U.S. state of New York consisting of the actual Nassau, Suffolk, Kings (Brooklyn), andQueens Counties which for our purposes we assume to be an independent NNWS. The real LongIsland contains numerous interesting open source material for the IAEA students to investigate. Onecan show that "Freedonia" had a flourishing aerospace industry that could provide technical expertise