Municipal Wastewater Management Through Eco - Friendly Treatment Systems

摘要

Increased industrialization, urbanization, and explosion in population have led to enhanced pollution problem, which has now become a global threat. Though pollution cannot be totally prevented, it can be definitely controlled to a great extent so that the functioning of recipient ecosystem is not drastically affected. This can be achieved through the usage of constructed wetlands for the treatment of various wastewaters. The interest in the subject of "Treatment or constructed wetland" has been growing at a very rapid rate. It has been observed that wetlands form a cost effective, low energy and robust alternative to more conventional engineered systems to treat potential polluting substances. They also become part of the natural hydrological cycle and provide a ready means of making treated water available for re-use. In the past five years or so, the research works carried out in the developed and industrialized countries have resulted in information dissemination and still a lot is yet to be done, with reference to the developing countries like India. The present work focuses on finding economically and ecologically acceptable solution to pollution management through the use of wetland technology. The constructed wetlands have much to offer for pollution control in a variety of applications. These treatment wetland systems are engineered and managed ecological systems that use biological, physical and chemical processes for purifying the wastewater. Successful performance of constructed wetlands depends on ecological functions of the wetland vegetation which are based largely on interactions within plant communities. However, the processes by which plant populations enhance treatment performance are yet to be determined fully. In the present study, a pilot (free water surface flow) treatment wetland has been designed and constructed near the Kakatiya Musical Garden of Warangal City, a historical place in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The detention period of the wetland is 7 days. The present experimental study is conducting for the following objectives: To study the use of wetlands ⅰ) to improve the wastewater quality ⅱ) to study the processes involved in the purification of wastewater by wetland ⅲ) to identify appropriate design criteria and suitable plant species.