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Supersonic Jet Noise of Low Aspect-Ratio Rectangular C-D Nozzles with Contoured and Straight Interior Walls

机译:低轮廓比矩形内壁低纵横比矩形C-D喷嘴的超音速喷射噪声

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Often basic research on supersonic jet noise is conducted using converging-diverging nozzles that typically have smooth contours determined by the method of characteristics (MOC). Full-scale nozzles for tactical fighters, on the other hand, generally have straight conical and divergent sections, which often have a short divergent section. This study compares the supersonic jet noise produced by sub-scale converging-diverging (C-D) rectangular nozzles designed using MOC with non-contoured converging and diverging sections that are just straight ramps, referred to here as the non-MOC nozzles. Only one wall of these C-D nozzles actually converges and diverges. Two sets of nozzles, each of aspect ratio of 1.5 and equivalent diameters of 0.75 in. and 2 in., were tested. The data presented includes farfield noise, source location using a beamformer, flow visualization acquired using a highspeed video camera, selected PIV measurements, and thrust measurements of both the MOC and the non-MOC C-D nozzles. Jet-noise scaling of the noise data for the two non-MOC nozzles is also developed. For reference, selected results are also compared with a converging rectangular nozzle of the same equivalent diameter and aspect ratio (= 1.5) as the C-D nozzles tested. It is shown that the non-MOC nozzle has shocks propagating from inside the nozzle, which appear overlaid on the shock diamonds shed from the nozzle lip. This is seen to be present whether the nozzle is operated at design or off-design conditions. Acoustic measurements also show that, for the non-MOC nozzle, shock-associated noise is generated even at the design condition. Examination of the curves of OASPL as a function of fully-expanded Mach number shows no minimum at or near the design Mach number as seen for the MOC nozzle. As expected, the non-MOC nozzle produces less thrust compared to the MOC nozzle, which is about 4%. It seems that the jet-mixing noise region of the farfield narrow-band spectrum for both the MOC and the non-MOC nozzles can be scaled well using the D3 law for the same operating nozzle pressure ratio or the fully expanded Mach number. The observed results match well those published in the literature for round nozzles with and without contoured nozzle geometry.
机译:通常使用会聚-发散喷嘴对超声速喷射噪声进行基础研究,这些喷嘴通常具有通过特征方法(MOC)确定的平滑轮廓。另一方面,用于战术战斗机的全尺寸喷嘴通常具有直的圆锥形和发散部分,通常具有短的发散部分。这项研究比较了使用MOC设计的子级收敛-发散(C-D)矩形喷嘴产生的超音速喷射噪声,其中无轮廓的收敛和发散部分只是直斜面,在这里称为non-MOC喷嘴。这些C-D喷嘴中只有一个壁实际上会聚和发散。测试了两组喷嘴,每组的纵横比为1.5,等效直径为0.75英寸和2英寸。呈现的数据包括远场噪声,使用波束形成器的源位置,使用高速摄像机获取的流动可视化,选定的PIV测量以及MOC和非MOC C-D喷嘴的推力测量。还开发了两个非MOC喷嘴的噪声数据的喷射噪声定标。作为参考,还将选择的结果与与测试的C-D喷嘴具有相同的等效直径和长宽比(= 1.5)的会聚矩形喷嘴进行比较。可以看出,非MOC喷嘴具有从喷嘴内部传播的冲击波,这些冲击波叠加在从喷嘴唇口散发出的冲击钻石上。无论喷嘴是在设计条件下还是在非设计条件下运行,都可以看到这种情况。声学测量还表明,对于非MOC喷嘴,即使在设计条件下也会产生与震动相关的噪声。对OASPL曲线作为完全展开的马赫数的函数进行检查时,没有发现在设计马赫数附近或接近MOC喷嘴的最小值。不出所料,与MOC喷嘴相比,非MOC喷嘴产生的推力较小,约为4%。似乎对于相同的工作喷嘴压力比或完全扩展的马赫数,可以使用D3定律很好地缩放MOC和非MOC喷嘴的远场窄带频谱的喷射混合噪声区域。对于具有和不具有轮廓喷嘴几何形状的圆形喷嘴,观察到的结果与文献中公布的结果非常吻合。

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