The head-up display (HUD) is a display device which projects a virtual image on the forward field of view of drivers. It was first developed for military aviation then started to be applied for cars. Great progresses have been made to HUD in research and practice. A good summary of the current work regarding HUD will facilitate its future applications and research. This paper provides a detailed review of the key aspects associated with HUD. First, the conception of HUD and its various categories were introduced. Second, HUD systems by different manufacturers were reviewed and compared, showing the current field applications of HUD. Third, the academic research mainly on driving behavior related to HUD is summarized. Last but not least, the future direction for automotive HUD is also provided to show its great potential.
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