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Shock Tube Ignition and Chemical Kinetics Studies of Advanced Liquid Biofuels for Gas Turbines

机译:燃气轮机高级液体生物燃料的激波管点火和化学动力学研究

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Global consumption of fossil fuels and the production of greenhouse gases continues to rise, causing deleterious effects to the environment and its inhabitants [1]. In 2017 the U.S alone produced approximately 87 quadrillion BTU through its primary energy sources, with 77.6% coming from the burning of fossil-based fuels [2]. In order to curb these increasing levels of greenhouse gases while still meeting the world's energy demands, alternative fuels are essential. Therefore in this study, biofuels of various chemical classes which show potential to be used gas turbines for power generation while simultaneously decreasing the level of harmful emissions are investigated. However, before any of the identified fuels can be consumed by the industrial and commercial sectors, well-validated chemical kinetic mechanisms must be constructed so that the complete reactivity and behavior of these fuels is understood. Validating kinetic mechanisms requires experimental data which is easily obtained in a shock tube—a device that simulates engine relevant conditions via gas compression from shock waves. Using this device, ignition delay times and species time-histories can be obtained during the fuel decomposition under relevant conditions and compared to the outputs of these kinetic mechanisms; valuable molecules for time-history comparisons include carbon monoxide, ethylene, and formaldehyde. Therefore, in this work the chemical kinetics of prenol isomers were studied in a double-diaphragm, heated shock tube at a pressure of 9.5 atm and temperatures of 1269-1472 K. A stoichiometric fuel-oxygen mixture, with a fuel concentration of 0.05% was chosen to investigate the pressure, emission, and carbon monoxide time histories during prenol oxidation. CO histories were measured behind reflected shock waves with a continuous wave distributed feedback quantum cascade laser at 2046.30cm-l, with no interference from other top intermediates. Measured values were compared to a recent chemical kinetic mechanism. Model predictions over predict the CO yield and time of this max yield; however, the general shape of the model predictions match quite well with experimental results.
机译:全球对化石燃料的消耗和温室气体的产生继续增加,对环境及其居民造成有害影响[1]。 2017年,仅美国一国就通过其主要能源生产了约87万亿BTU,其中77.6%来自化石燃料的燃烧[2]。为了抑制不断增加的温室气体排放量,同时又能满足世界能源需求,替代燃料必不可少。因此,在这项研究中,研究了各种化学类别的生物燃料,这些生物燃料显示出可用于燃气轮机发电并同时降低有害排放水平的潜力。但是,在工业界和商业部门消耗掉任何已识别的燃料之前,必须构建经过充分验证的化学动力学机制,以便了解这些燃料的完全反应性和行为。验证动力学机制需要在冲击管中轻松获得的实验数据,该设备是通过冲击波产生的气体压缩来模拟发动机相关条件的设备。使用该装置,可以在相关条件下的燃料分解过程中获得点火延迟时间和物质时间历程,并将其与这些动力学机制的输出进行比较。进行时间历史比较的有价值的分子包括一氧化碳,乙烯和甲醛。因此,在这项工作中,在压力为9.5 atm且温度为1269-1472 K的双隔膜加热激波管中研究了戊烯醇异构体的化学动力学。化学计量的燃料-氧气混合物,燃料浓度为0.05%选择用于调查烯醇氧化过程中的压力,排放和一氧化碳的时间历史。使用连续波分布反馈量子级联激光器在2046.30cm-1处在反射的冲击波后面测量了CO历史,没有其他顶部中间体的干扰。将测量值与最新的化学动力学机理进行了比较。模型预测过度预测了此最大产量的CO产量和时间;但是,模型预测的总体形状与实验结果非常吻合。

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