This paper aims to present the current vaccination situation of left-behind children in rural Handan, and the differences on vaccination Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) between the guardians of left-behind children and the guardians of non- left-behind children in rural Handan. Methods: Total 837 children born in 2007 were investigated through the questionnaire designed by UNICEF Strengthen Routine Immunization project. 339 left-behind children were in the experimental group while 498 non-left-behind children in control group. The results of vaccination KAP of each group were analyzed. Result: There is statistical significance in the differences on whether children in both groups know they are going to be vaccinated，children's health condition when vaccinated, observing time after vaccination and other indexes. Full immunization coverage rate of 4 kinds of planned vaccines（BCG, oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine, DPT and lirugen）is compared. OR is 1.53, 95% of credibility interval is 0.82～3.45, OR of HepB1 timely vaccination is 1.53, OR of awareness rate of vaccination for the guardians of children in two groups is greater than 1. Conclusion：Being left behind at home is a risk factor for school-age children to receive the service of immunization programme. Intervening in HepB1 vaccination in 24 hours, vaccination KAP and other topics should be done specificly to the guardians of left-behind children.
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