A physical protection system (PPS) combines, people, various procedures, technologies and equipment for the protection of valuable assets or facilities against sabotage, theft, or other malevolent human attacks. Nuclear Regulatory Commission stated various rules and regulations for the implementation of these guidelines. Typical aim is to prevent sabotage of critical equipments, theft of assets or information from within the facility, and protection of people. There are various technologies which have been in vogue for the detection of such activities. One of the emerging technologies used for the detection of threat is video surveillance systems. Currently, Video motion detector is a passive sensor that processes the video signal from a Close Circuit Cameras. Cameras are not detectors; they are just imaging devices. When combined with humans or other sensors, cameras can provide an immediate method to judge the scene of interest. Based on scientific evidence, this approach starts to degrade after 30 minutes because human operators may suffer from boredom and fatigue. In such case, this will not be effective physical protection system. This thesis reviews various available methods and techniques which can increase degree of effectiveness of such system. The techniques can turn these cameras into sensors and reduce the load placed on human operators because software does not suffer from boredom and fatigue. This paper reviews different approaches for detecting an object and its motion, tracking of objects and activity analysis in order to prevent adverse consequences. It also proposes a methodology to improve the security of any Nuclear Power facility using existing approaches with appropriate modifications.
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