Is manure from ecological sanitation latrines safe for use to fertilize crops? A review of evidence from literature

摘要

Studies have shown that manure harvested in ecological sanitation (ecosan) latrines has more thermotolerant bacteria and helminthic eggs than the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendation. Thereview was aimed at assessing adequacy of available guidelines on use of ecosan to produce safemanure. Relevant literature was searched and critically reviewed. Literature on effect on pathogen dieoff was not consistent from one study to the next and in some situations conflicting results have beenfound. Guidelines on waiting period after pit is sealed differed from one country to the next and there isan agreement that six months waiting period is not enough to produce safe manure. There is need forfurther research in real latrine situation to investigate all potential factors that affect pathogen die off.These may assist to explain inconsistencies in literature on pathogen die off and assist to develop specificguidelines for different locations.