To solve the weakness of small energy reserves of wireless sensor network, an ant colony algorithm based on the minimum energy consumption was proposed. The new algorithm chooses the path from the energy consumption of the current node to the next hop node, the path which chosen has the big pheromone to balance the energy consumption of whole network by the rules of intra-cluster communication and inter-clustering communication, and choosing the better link to realize the data transmission. The simulation results show that the path chosen by the algorithm is better than the simple ant colony algorithm, and the algorithm can save the network energy consumption better and can prolong the life cycle of the network.
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