The synergistic relationship between nuclear security culture and nuclear safety culture has been recognized since the early development of guidance for nuclear security culture program implementation (ref. Sec. 2.4 of IAEA-NSS-7). It has been widely acknowledged by the authors of the IAEA document that the basis of nuclear security culture built heavily upon the preceding definition of nuclear safety culture. However, with regard to implementation, the process for evaluating and integrating important elements of safety into security culture has been largely left up to the discretion of the organization responsible for implementation. A systems engineering approach to defining and capturing common cultural requirements between safety culture and security culture that can be allocated and integrated into a functioning implementation plan can be beneficial, especially for organizations that have nascent nuclear security culture programs under development (but in some instances may have more fully developed safety culture programs). This paper examines the basic elements of both programs and proposes a process for identifying likely common elements that are candidates for cooperative implementation at the cultural level. This paper recognizes that while it is not practicable to completely integrate nuclear safety and nuclear security programs at the operational level, there is much to be gained by combining common culture-level concepts. The conflicts typically attributed to prioritization of security versus safety requirements are less divergent at the highest levels of consideration. By applying a rigorous requirements analysis process to factors concerning security and safety for cultural elements such as roles and responsibilities, beliefs and attitudes, principles, management systems, and leadership and personnel behavior, it is possible to define the aspects of a nuclear security culture where nuclear safety culture elements interface and are naturally integral.
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